A parallel combination

• Young Digital Planet
• Key Stage 4
• Physics
• X. Direct current
• 53. Direct current circuit

• Exam Specifications
• Key Stage 4
• AQA GCSE Science A (4461) Physics
• I. Physics 1a Energy and Electricity
• 3. Why are electrical devices so useful?
• to compare and contrast the particular advantages and disadvantages of using different electrical devices for a particular application
• to calculate the amount of energy transferred from the mains using: energy transferred = power × time (kilowatt-hour, kWh) = (kilowatt, kW) × (hour, h)
• to calculate the cost of energy transferred from the mains using: total cost = number of kilowatt-hours cost per kilowatt-hour
• Examples of energy transformations that everyday electrical devices are designed to bring about.
• Examples of everyday electrical devices designed to bring about particular energy transformations.
• The amount of electrical energy a device transforms depends on how long the appliance is switched on and the rate at which the device transforms energy.
• The power of an appliance is measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).
• Energy is normally measured in joules (J).
• Electricity is transferred from power station to consumers along the National Grid.
• The uses of step-up and step-down transformers in the National Grid.
• AQA GCSE Physics (4451)
• V. Physics 2
• 22. What does the current through an electrical circuit depend on?
• to apply the principles of basic electrical circuits to practical situations.
• The resistance of a component can be found by measuring the current through, and potential difference across, the component.
• For components connected in series: − the total resistance is the sum of the resistance of each component − there is the same current through each component − the total potential difference of the supply is shared between the components.
• For components connected in parallel: − the potential difference across each component is the same − the total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate components.
• 23. What is mains electricity and how can it be used safely?
• Cells and batteries supply current which always passes in the same direction. This is called direct current (d.c.).
• AQA GCSE Physics (4451)
• I. Physics 2
• 7. What is mains electricity and how can it be used safely?
• Cells and batteries supply current which always passes in the same direction. This is called direct current (d.c.).
• 6. What does the current through an electrical circuit depend on?
• to apply the principles of basic electrical circuits to practical situations.
• The resistance of a component can be found by measuring the current through, and potential difference across, the component.
• For components connected in series: - the total resistance is the sum of the resistance of each component - there is the same current through each component - the total potential difference of the supply is shared between the components.
• For components connected in parallel: - the potential difference across each component is the same - the total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate components.

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