Saponification reaction

• Young Digital Planet
• Key Stage 4
• Chemistry
• XVII. Food and drugs
• 84. Fats

• Exam Specifications
• Key Stage 4
• AQA GCSE Science A (4461) Chemistry
• II. Chemistry 1b – Oils, Earth and Atmosphere
• 2. How can plant oils be used?
• to evaluate the effects of using vegetable oils in foods and the impacts on diet and health
• Oils do not dissolve in water. They can be used to produce emulsions. Emulsions are thicker than oil or water and have man uses that depend on their special properties. They rovide better texture, coating ability and appearance.
• Vegetable oils that are unsaturated contain double carbon carbon bonds. These can be detected by reacting with bromine or iodine.
• Vegetable oils that are unsaturated can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60°C. The hydrogenated oils have higher melting points so they are solids at room temperature.
• 3. What are the changes in the Earth and its atmosphere?
• The Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.
• AQA GCSE Additional Science (4463) Chemistry
• II. Additional materials
• 1. Additional materials
• Additional materials
• AQA GCSE Chemistry (4421)
• III. Chemistry 3
• 25. How much energy is involved in chemical reactions?
• Different foods produce different amounts of energy. Foods with high proportions of carbohydrates, fats and oils produce relatively large amounts of energy.
• I. Chemistry 1
• 14. How can plant oils be used?
• to evaluate the effects of using vegetable oils in foods and the impacts on diet and health
• Oils do not dissolve in water. They can be used to produce emulsions. Emulsions are thicker than oil or water and have many uses that depend on their special properties. They provide better texture, coating ability and appearance.
• Vegetable oils that are unsaturated contain double carbon carbon bonds. These can be detected by reacting with bromine or iodine.
• Vegetable oils that are unsaturated can be hardened by reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60 °C. The hydrogenated oils have higher melting points so they are solids at room temperature.
• 15. What are the changes in the Earth and its atmosphere?
• The Earth consists of a core, mantle and crust.

• Exam Specifications
• Key Stage 5

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